Port of Spain, also known as the City of Port of Spain, is Trinidad and Tobago’s capital. It is second after San Fernando and third after Chaguanas and San Fernando. It has a population of 37.074 according to the 2011 census, an urban population of 81.142 (2011 estimate), and a temporary daily population of 250,000. It is located in the Gulf of Paria on the northwest coast of Trinidad. It is part of a larger conurbation that stretches from Chaguaramas to Arima in the east. The estimated population is 600,000.

It is the island’s capital and the principal retail and administrative centre. Two of the most important banks in the Caribbean are located here. Piarco International Airport, the leading domestic airport connecting the capital with major international destinations, is located in the Piarco International Airport.

Officially, San Fernando is the City of San Fernando. It is Trinidad and Tobago’s second-most populous city and the second-most populous municipality after Chaguanas. Sando, as it is commonly known, covers 19 km2 and can be found in the southwest part of Trinidad. It is bordered north and south by the Guaracara Rivers, the Oropouche Rivers, to the east by Sir Solomon Hochoy Highways, and the Gulf of Paria to the west. On 18 November 1988, the former borough was made a city corporation.

San Fernando’s motto is “Sanitas Fortis”, which means: In a Healthy Environment, We Will Find Strength. Local Trinidadians often refer to the city as “Sando”. Because of its proximity to Pointe-a-Pierre, Trinidad and Tobago’s oil refinery, other petrochemicals and LNG, and aluminium smelters at places like Point Lisas in Couva and Point Fortin, San Fernando is Trinidad and Tobago’s “industrial capital”.

Arima, also known as The Royal Chartered Borough Of Arima, is the easternmost and largest of all three boroughs in Trinidad and Tobago. It is located at the southern foothills of Arouca and Sangre Grande. The Caroni-Arena Dam is situated to the south. The borough of Arima, which has been coterminous with the Town of Arima since 1888, is the fourth largest municipality in terms of population in the country. According to the census, it was home to 33,606 people in 2011.

The town applied to Queen Victoria in 1887 for municipal status as part of the Golden Jubilee celebrations. Arima was made a Royal Borough in 1888. Arima was the third-largest town in Trinidad and Tobago before Chaguanas made it the largest.

The largest municipality, Chaguanas (83 489 at the 2011 census), is also the fastest-growing Trinidad and Tobago. It is located in west-central Trinidad, near Port of Spain and north of San Fernando. The town was named after an indigenous tribe that settled there. It grew in size because of its proximity to Woodford Lodge, a sugar refinery.

It was a small town until the 1980s, when it started to increase as people began to come to it for its moderately priced housing and bargain shopping. However, its rapid growth has led to a dramatic increase in property values.

Point Fortin is the Republic Borough of Point Fortin. It is the smallest borough in Trinidad and Tobago. It can be found in southwest Trinidad, 32 km (20 miles) from San Fernando in the historical county of Saint Patrick. The town became a central oil-producing hub after the discovery of petroleum in the region in 1906.

Between the 1940s to 1980s, the town grew along with the oil industry. It was elevated to borough status by 1980. The point was hard hit by the 1980s economic recession and the closing of its oil refinery. In the late 1990s, Atlantic LNG constructed a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plant. This helped boost the economy.