Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, is also the largest city in the Arabian Peninsula. The town is in the middle of the an-Nafud Desert, in the eastern part of the Najd Plateau. It receives approximately 5 million tourists annually and ranks as the 39th most visited place in the world and 6th in the Middle East. In 2019, Riyadh was home to 7.6 million people, making it the third-most populous city in Saudi Arabia and 38th in Asia.

In 1590, an Arab chronicler first mentioned the city under the name Riyadh. Denham Ibn Dawwas, a Manfuha native, arrived in 1737 and assumed control of the town.

Jeddah, a city located in Saudi Arabia’s Hejaz region, is the country’s leading commercial center. With a population of approximately 4,697,000, Jeddah is the largest city in Makkah Province. It is also the largest city of Hejaz. Jeddah Islamic Port is located on the Red Sea, the 36th largest seaport worldwide. It is also the 2nd-largest seaport and most visited in the Middle East (after Dubai’s Port of Jebel Ali).

Jeddah, 65 km (40 mi) away from Mecca, is the main gateway to Mecca. Medina is 360 kilometres (220 miles) north.

Dammam is Saudi Arabia’s sixth-most populous capital, after Riyadh and Jeddah. It is also the capital of the Eastern Province. It had a population total of 1,252,523 in 2020. It is home to the administrative offices and judicial bodies of the provincial government, as well as the administrative offices of minor governmental departments. Although the term describes the city, it may also refer directly to its governorate.

Mecca, also known as Makkah al-Mukarramah, is the capital and administrative center of the Mecca Province in Saudi Arabia. It is the holiest city of Islam. It lies 70km (43 miles) on the Red Sea in Jeddah.

It is located in a narrow valley at 277m (909 feet) above sea level. In 2015, it had a population of 1,578,722. Its metro population is estimated to be 2.042 million in 2020, making it the third most populated city in Saudi Arabia, after Jeddah and Riyadh. This number is more than tripled yearly by pilgrims during the Hajj pilgrimage. It is observed in Dhul-Hajjah’s twelfth Hijri Month.

Medina, also known as Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, is the capital of Saudi Arabia’s Medina Province. It is the fourth-most populous country city, with a population estimated at 1,488,782 in 2020.

The city is in the middle of the Medina Province, located in the western reaches. It covers 589 km2 (227 miles) and 293km2 (117 sq. mi.) This is the city’s urban space. The remaining town is occupied by empty valleys, the Hejaz mountain range, and older dormant volcanoes.