Mauritania
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Mauritania, officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a sovereign country in Northwest Africa. It borders the Atlantic Ocean to its west, Western Sahara to its north and northwest, Algeria in the northeast, Mali in the southeast, and Senegal in the southwest. Mauritania is Africa’s eleventh largest country. 90% of its territory lies in the Sahara. With a mild climate, the country’s 4.80 million inhabitants live in the south. About one-third are concentrated in Nouakchott (the capital and largest city), along the Atlantic coast.
It’s named after the ancient Berber kingdom Mauretania in present-day Morocco, Algeria; this country derives its name. Since the third century, Berbers have occupied the area now known as Mauritania. Arabs conquered the area in the eighth century. They brought Islam, Arab culture, and the Arabic language. France colonized Mauritania in the early 20th century as French West Africa. Although it gained independence in 1960, the country has been subject to numerous coups and periods under military dictatorship. In 2008, the most recent coup was led by General Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz. He won subsequent presidential elections in 2009 and 2014. Following the 2019 elections, which were regarded as Mauritania’s first peaceful transition to power since independence, Mohamed Ould Ghazouani succeeded him.
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Top Facts
- The Capital of Mauritania is Nouakchott
- Total Area: 397,700 mi²
- Total Population is around 4.80 Million
- Official Language: Arabic
- Mauritania is located in North and West Africa bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, Algeria, Western Sahara, Mali, and Senegal.
- The modern capital of Mauritania, Nouakchott, likely derives from the Berber “nawakshut” meaning “place of the winds”.
- During the 1850s and 1860s, France gained control of southern Mauritania. In 1904, Mauritania was established as a French colonial territory.
- After gaining self-governance in 1958, Mauritania gained full independence in 1960.
- In fact, approximately 90% of Mauritania is desert which has caused persistent droughts throughout the country
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Nouakchott, Mauritania’s capital and biggest city, is also its name. It is the largest city in the Sahel. It is also the administrative and economic capital of Mauritania.
Nouakchott, a small village in the middle of the country, was of little significance until 1958 when it became the capital of the new nation of Mauritania. It was built in 1958 to house 15,000 people. In the 1970s, many Mauritanians moved to Nouakchott after their villages became too dry and desertified. The city was home to just over a million people as of 2013.population
Atar, a northwestern Mauritania town, is the Adrar Region’s capital. It also serves as the main settlement on Adrar Plateau. It is located on the Oued Seguellil and has a museum, an airport, and a historical mosque built in 1674. It had 25,190 inhabitants in 2013.
Nouadhibou, the second-largest city in Mauritania, is a major commercial hub. It is home to approximately 118,000 people, with the metropolitan area adding 140,000 residents. It is located on a 65-kilometer peninsula or headland called Ras Nouadhibou Cap Blanc or Cabo Blanco. The island’s western side has the Western Saharan capital of La Guera. Nouadhibou can be found just a few kilometers from the border of Mauritania to Western Sahara. Elghassem Old Bellali is the current mayor. He was inaugurated on 15 October 2018.
Zouérat is the largest town in northern Mauritania and the capital of the Tiris Zemmour region, with an approximate population of 44,649 (2013). It lies at the eastern end of the Mauritania Railway to Nouadhibou.
Kaédi is the largest city and administrative center of the Gorgol Region of Southern Mauritania, located on the border with Senegal. It is approximately 435 km from Mauritania’s capital, Nouakchott.
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