Mauritania2023-02-22T12:39:18-05:00

Mauritania

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Mauritania, officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a sovereign country in Northwest Africa. It borders the Atlantic Ocean to its west, Western Sahara to its north and northwest, Algeria in the northeast, Mali in the southeast, and Senegal in the southwest. Mauritania is Africa’s eleventh largest country. 90% of its territory lies in the Sahara. With a mild climate, the country’s 4.80 million inhabitants live in the south. About one-third are concentrated in Nouakchott (the capital and largest city), along the Atlantic coast.

It’s named after the ancient Berber kingdom Mauretania in present-day Morocco, Algeria; this country derives its name. Since the third century, Berbers have occupied the area now known as Mauritania. Arabs conquered the area in the eighth century. They brought Islam, Arab culture, and the Arabic language. France colonized Mauritania in the early 20th century as French West Africa. Although it gained independence in 1960, the country has been subject to numerous coups and periods under military dictatorship. In 2008, the most recent coup was led by General Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz. He won subsequent presidential elections in 2009 and 2014. Following the 2019 elections, which were regarded as Mauritania’s first peaceful transition to power since independence, Mohamed Ould Ghazouani succeeded him.

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Top Facts

  • The Capital of Mauritania is Nouakchott
  • Total Area: 397,700 mi²
  • Total Population is around 4.80 Million
  • Official Language: Arabic
  • Mauritania is located in North and West Africa bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, Algeria, Western Sahara, Mali, and Senegal.
  • The modern capital of Mauritania, Nouakchott, likely derives from the Berber “nawakshut” meaning “place of the winds”.
  • During the 1850s and 1860s, France gained control of southern Mauritania. In 1904, Mauritania was established as a French colonial territory.
  • After gaining self-governance in 1958, Mauritania gained full independence in 1960.
  • In fact, approximately 90% of Mauritania is desert which has caused persistent droughts throughout the country

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