Bogota, formerly Santa Fe de Bogota in the Spanish period, and between 1991 – 2000, was Colombia’s capital and largest city. It is also the Bogota District’s capital and the capital of the Cundinamarca region but not part of it.

 Bogota is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative and legal status as other departments in Colombia. It is the country’s political, economic, and administrative center.

Medellin is Colombia’s second-largest city and the Antioquia department’s capital. It is situated in central South America’s Andes Mountains, in the Aburra Valley.

According to the 2018 census, the city’s population was 2,508,452 the National Administrative Department of Statistics. The metropolitan area of Medellin, which includes nine towns in its immediate vicinity, is Colombia’s second largest urban agglomeration by population and economic output, with over 3.7 million inhabitants.

Cartagena, a major port and city on Colombia’s northern coast in the Caribbean Coast Region, is bordered by the Caribbean Sea. Cartagena’s role in the past as a link on the route to West Indies gives it important historical value for global exploration and preservation of heritage from great maritime routes.
It was an ex-Spanish colony and was important for exporting Peruvian silver to Spain. Also, for the importation of enslaved Africans in the asiento system. It was able to defend itself against pirate attacks in the Caribbean. Its strategic position between the Magdalena River and Sinu Rivers made it an easy port to access the interior of New Granada. This was a key port for trade between Spain and its overseas empire, and it became a major trading hub in the 1540s.

Santiago de Cali is Valle del Cauca Capital. It is home to 2,227,642 people, according to the 2018 census. Cali is the second largest city in Colombia by area (216.3 km²) and has 120.9 km² (46.7 mi) of urban space, making it the third most populous city.
Cali, the largest city in Colombia with direct access to the Pacific Coast, is the most important urban and economic hub. It has one of the fastest-growing economies in Colombia. Sebastian de Belalcazar, a Spanish explorer, founded the city on 25 July 1536.

Barranquilla is the capital of the Atlantico Department in Colombia. It is situated near the Caribbean Sea, the largest city, third port, and most populous in its northern Caribbean Coast region.

 As of 2019, the city had a population totaling 2,206,319, making it Colombia’s fourth most populous municipality after Medellin and Bogota. Barranquilla is strategically located next to the Magdalena River delta, which flows 7.5 km before rapid urbanization. Its mouth can be found in the Caribbean Sea. This port serves as a hub for river and maritime transport within Colombia. It is the heart of the Atlantico region in Colombia. It is home to the metropolitan area of Barranquilla, with more than 2 million people. This also includes the municipalities Soledad, Galapa and Malambo.