Cairo is Egypt’s capital, and it is also the largest Arab world city. Greater Cairo, home to 21.3 million people, is the largest urban area in the Middle East and Arab world. It also ranks sixth in the world. It is also one of the most important cities in Eastern Hemisphere. Cairo is closely associated with ancient Egypt. Its geographical location includes the Giza pyramid complex as well as the ancient city, Memphis.

Cairo, located close to the Nile Delta was founded in 969 AD under the Fatimid dynasty. But the land which made up the city today was home to Ancient National Capitals, whose remains can be seen in Old Cairo. Cairo has been the center of the region’s political and cultural life for many years. The city is known as “the City of a Thousand Minarets” due to its high concentration of Islamic architecture. The World Heritage Site status was granted to Cairo’s historical center in 1979.

Luxor is a city located in Upper Egypt (southern), and the capital of Luxor Governorate. Luxor’s population is 422,407 (2021), and the area it covers is approximately 417 km (161 mi). It is home to some of the most ancient inhabited cities on the globe.

Alexandria, Egypt’s third-largest, is located after Cairo and Giza. It is also the seventh-largest African city and an important economic center. Locals call Alexandria the “Bride of the Mediterranean”, as it is the largest city along the Mediterranean. It is also the ninth-largest Arab city and the ninth-largest urban region in Africa.

It is located along the Mediterranean Sea’s northern coast, at 40 km (25 miles). Alexandria is a popular tourist spot and an important industrial center due to the natural gas and oil pipelines that connect it with Suez.

Aswan, a city located in southern Egypt, is the capital and largest of the Aswan Governorate. Aswan is a bustling market and tourist hub located on the east bank at the first cataract of the Nile. The modern city includes the formerly separate community of Elephantine.

Giza is Egypt’s second-largest urban area after Cairo and Africa’s fourth-largest after Kinshasa Lagos and Cairo. Giza Governorate’s capital has a population of 9.2 million as of 2021. It is situated on the west bank of the Nile, approximately 4.9km (3 mi) southwest of central Cairo. Giza is located less than 30km (18.64 miles) north of Memphis, which was the capital of the first unified Egyptian state since the time of Narmer, the first pharaoh.